100 Methodologies Used in Linguistics

Here’s a list of 100 methodologies used in linguistics, spanning from traditional fieldwork to computational linguistics, sociolinguistics, psycholinguistics, applied linguistics, and more. These methods help analyze language structure, use, meaning, evolution, and processing.

100 Methodologies in Linguistics

Core Theoretical & Descriptive Approaches

  1. Generative Grammar Analysis
  2. Transformational Grammar
  3. Dependency Grammar
  4. Construction Grammar
  5. Lexical-Functional Grammar (LFG)
  6. Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar (HPSG)
  7. Functional Discourse Grammar
  8. Role and Reference Grammar
  9. Structuralist Linguistic Analysis
  10. Descriptive Fieldwork
  11. Typological Comparison
  12. Feature-Based Morphosyntactic Analysis
  13. Diachronic Linguistic Reconstruction
  14. Comparative Method
  15. Internal Reconstruction
  16. Phonological Rule Formalization
  17. Allophonic Variation Analysis
  18. Syllable Structure Analysis
  19. Stress & Intonation Pattern Mapping
  20. Morphological Paradigm Analysis

Corpus-Based & Computational Methods

  1. Corpus Linguistics
  2. Concordance Analysis
  3. Keyword in Context (KWIC)
  4. Part-of-Speech Tagging
  5. Dependency Parsing
  6. Treebank Analysis
  7. N-gram Frequency Analysis
  8. Word Sketch Collocation Tools
  9. Semantic Vector Modeling (e.g., Word2Vec)
  10. Topic Modeling (e.g., LDA)
  11. Distributional Semantics
  12. Sentiment Analysis
  13. Named Entity Recognition (NER)
  14. Text Classification
  15. Lemmatization/Stemming
  16. Spell and Grammar Checker Evaluation
  17. Corpus Query Language (CQL)
  18. Digital Dialect Mapping
  19. Language Technology Evaluation
  20. NLP-based Syntactic Parsing

Experimental & Psycholinguistic Approaches

  1. Eye-Tracking Studies
  2. Lexical Decision Tasks
  3. Sentence Processing Experiments
  4. Priming Experiments
  5. Self-Paced Reading Tasks
  6. fMRI in Language Processing
  7. EEG/ERP Language Tasks
  8. Reaction Time Testing
  9. Word Association Tests
  10. Picture-Naming Tasks
  11. Grammaticality Judgments
  12. Elicited Imitation Tasks
  13. Working Memory & Language Load Tasks
  14. Bilingual Code-Switching Experiments
  15. Artificial Language Learning
  16. Shadowing Tasks
  17. Cloze Tests
  18. Error Detection Tasks
  19. Conceptual Framing Experiments
  20. Prosody & Emotion Testing

Sociolinguistic & Anthropological Methods

  1. Participant Observation
  2. Sociolinguistic Interviews
  3. Variationist Analysis
  4. Social Network Analysis
  5. Language Attitude Surveys
  6. Speech Community Mapping
  7. Ethnography of Communication
  8. Labovian Narrative Interview
  9. Code-Switching Analysis
  10. Diglossia Profiling
  11. Language Contact Documentation
  12. Language Ideology Studies
  13. Speech Style Analysis
  14. Discourse Marker Analysis
  15. Accent Perception Studies
  16. Dialectology Field Mapping
  17. Matched-Guise Technique
  18. Language Shift & Endangerment Tracking
  19. Urban Linguistic Landscape Study
  20. Gendered Language Use Analysis

Applied Linguistics & Language Teaching

  1. Error Analysis in SLA
  2. Interlanguage Study
  3. Task-Based Language Teaching (TBLT) Evaluation
  4. Needs Analysis in Language Learning
  5. Language Assessment & Testing
  6. Corpus-Assisted Language Teaching
  7. Contrastive Analysis
  8. Curriculum Design Methods
  9. Speech Act Theory in Language Instruction
  10. Learner Corpora Analysis
  11. Genre-Based Pedagogy
  12. Motivation and Affective Factors Survey
  13. CEFR Proficiency Mapping
  14. Teacher Discourse Analysis
  15. Language Policy Evaluation
  16. ESP (English for Specific Purposes) Study
  17. Pragmatic Competence Testing
  18. Language Awareness Interviews
  19. Computer-Assisted Language Learning (CALL)
  20. Multimodal Literacy Assessment